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Infrared radiation is an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength between visible light and microwave, which is not noticeable to the human eye. To perceive the existence of such radiation and measure its strength, it must be converted into other physical quantities that can be perceived and measured. In general, any effect caused by infrared radiation on an object, as long as the effect can be measured and sensitive enough, can be used to measure the intensity of infrared radiation.
Modern infrared detectors use mainly infrared thermal effects and photoelectric effects. The output of these effects is mostly electricity, or it can be converted into electricity by an appropriate method. An infrared detector has at least one object that is sensitive to infrared radiation, called a response element. In addition, it also includes a response element holder, a sealed housing, and a window that transmits infrared radiation. Sometimes it also includes refrigeration parts, optical parts and electronic parts.