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Underground coal gasification has obvious advantages. Coal underground gasification is the process of controlling the combustion of underground coal. The process of generating combustible gas through the thermal and chemical action of coal is essentially extracting only the energetic components of coal. It is called The second generation of coal mining methods. Since the 1930s, major coal-producing countries such as the United States and Germany have reserved some key technologies for underground coal gasification. Since 1958, China began to conduct underground coal gasification tests under natural conditions. Since 1980, it has initially achieved breakthroughs in underground gasification from tests to applications.
According to Liang Jie, director of the Coal Industry Underground Gasification Engineering Research Center at China University of Mining and Technology, China’s primary energy consumption is coal-based, and Shanxi, as a coal-producing province, has produced a large amount of residual coal in the abandoned mining area for a long period of time, facing greater environmental and safety production pressures. . In solving these problems, underground coal gasification has obvious advantages.
According to the 2008 data from the Shanxi Coalbed Methane Industry Association, Shanxi has a large amount of coal resources suitable for underground gasification and the formation of industrial chains in the development of underground coal gasification industries. As a result, only abandoned mine resources amount to nearly 40 billion tons. It increases at a rate of nearly 600 million tons a year. If the underground gasification produces 4,000 cubic meters of combustible gas per ton of coal, and 100 million tons of underground gasification per year, the abandoned coal in Shanxi Province can be gasified for at least 500 years. Preliminary estimates indicate that 400 billion cubic meters of combustible gas can be obtained each year.
After the integration of coal resources, the production scale of single wells in Shanxi has reached an annual output of 900,000 tons or more, and a large number of coal mines with poor economy and safety have been shut down. According to estimates from Shanxi coal sources, the coal resources abandoned by small coal mines in Shanxi Province is about 15 billion tons. Underground gasification of this part of the “edge material†resources can effectively inactivate waste coal resources and increase resource utilization.
Industry insiders believe that compared with traditional coal mining, the safety factor of coal underground gasification technology is high. This technology adopts chemical methods of coal mining. Workers do not even go down the well or even go down. They can effectively avoid the multiple disasters caused by traditional coal mining, reduce the occurrence of mine accidents and occupational diseases of miners, and increase the safety factor of coal production.
In addition, the coal ash after underground combustion remains in the ground. After adopting the filling technology, it can reduce surface subsidence and there is no emission of fixed substances. At the same time, the gas generated from underground gasification can be purified and concentrated to avoid pollution to the atmosphere and groundwater.
It is difficult to approve the project when it is landed. At present, China's coal underground gasification technology has entered the industrial demonstration stage. The produced gas can not only serve civilian use, electricity generation, but also can be used for extracting pure hydrogen or raw gas as synthetic oil, dimethyl ether, ammonia, and methanol. The market prospect is good. The Outline of China's Comprehensive Utilization of Resources and Technology Policy issued in 2010 clearly puts forward the promotion of the industrialization of underground coal gasification technology.
However, in an interview, the reporter found that some enterprises in Shanxi are optimistic about the underground coal gasification industry, but they still face the problems of examination and approval and technology during the project landing.
Since 2010, Shanxi Jingyang Energy Group Co., Ltd. has conducted technical cooperation with China University of Mining and Technology in preparation for the construction of a coal underground gasification demonstration project at the former Qinjiashan coal mine in Dayun city. The planned investment is 930 million yuan and the use of abandoned coal resources is 52.03 million yuan. Tons, with an annual output of 1 billion cubic meters of gas, with a service life of 30 years. However, Zhu Shenglong, chairman of Jingyang Energy Group, said that during the preparations for more than three years, the procedures for filing, feasibility studies, and expert review of the project were basically complete, but the government's approval of projects and allocation of resources were not in place, resulting in slow progress of the project.
Shanxi Ningwu Coal Group plans to build a coal underground gasification project at Yuanxiaozhuang Coal Mine in Ningwu County and Beijing Zhongyuan Baoyuan Science and Technology Co., Ltd. The reserves of Xiaozhuang Coal Mine are about 22 million tons, which are mainly high-ash and high-sulfur coals. They were closed in 2000 due to low mining value and high operating costs. Earlier, the Shanxi Provincial Development and Reform Commission has agreed in principle to this project. In 2011, Ningwu Coal Mining Group applied for the allocation of original Xiaozhuang coal resources in Ningwu County, but it has not yet been configured.
The person in charge of the relevant department of the Shanxi Provincial Department of Land and Resources said that underground coal gasification is a coalbed methane development project, and it is one of the ways to build “gasification Shanxiâ€, realize “change coal into gas†and accelerate the adjustment of energy structure. Some enterprises have a slow allocation of resources. On the one hand, their relevant procedures such as environmental assessment are incomplete, and on the other hand, the long-term separation of coal and coal-bed methane rights has resulted in a slow development of Shanxi's CBM development and utilization projects. In August of this year, the trial for the reform of the coal seam methane mining rights approval system in Shanxi Province has just started, and reforms will be promoted around the “Ministry-controlled provincial approval, coal conservation and promotion of gas†but the specific implementation plan is still being improved.
“The weak comprehensive technical capability and the risks inherent in the project itself are also the main reasons that affect the project's landing.†Liang Jie and other experts believe that the coal underground gasification projects require large investments and require coal, geology, chemical industry, environmental protection, electricity, machinery, etc. Professional comprehensive technical capability support. Some coal underground gasification projects are prone to gas outbursts and leaks due to special hydrological and geological conditions.
Industrialization still needs policy support Zhu Shenglong, Liang Jie, and others believe that underground coal gasification technology can achieve low-carbon development of high-carbon resources, which is conducive to China's energy structure adjustment. However, the industry is still in the initial stage of development. From industrialization demonstration to industrialization development, it still needs the support of the government in many ways.
“Underground coal gasification is an emerging industry that efficiently, safely and cleanly uses coal. The government should create a relaxed investment environment, encourage powerful companies to build demonstration projects, and drive the rapid development of the entire industry.†Zhu Shenglong looks forward to the government’s investment in qualified conditions. Intensified examination and approval of projects, timely allocation of resources, let it try first.
Liang Jie suggested that the state should pay attention to the underground coal gasification technology from the perspective of energy strategy, and formulate a systematic development plan in terms of technology promotion, support policies, and international exchange and cooperation. At present, although the country has a supporting policy for underground coal gasification technology at the macro level, it lacks detailed implementation rules. Industry experts recommend that clear and operable regulations be introduced as soon as possible to promote the development and application of underground gasification technology.
In addition, the research and development of underground coal gasification technology has always been based on corporate investment. However, corporate R&D is often not systematic and often encounters major technical problems and is often stranded due to insufficient funds. Experts suggest that the state select scientific research units and companies with technological advantages as pilots, increase investment, and promote the improvement and upgrading of underground coal gasification technology.
After the integration of coal resources, Shanxi enters the “Great Mining Ageâ€, and the single well production scale of the mine reaches an annual output of 900,000 tons or more. A large number of economical and poorly-safe thin seams, deep coal seams, “three down†coal pressures, and high sulfur and high Ash and high-gas coal resources are abandoned. Experts believe that coal underground gasification technology can effectively activate waste coal resources, increase resource utilization, and promote Shanxi's economic restructuring. However, the reporter found during the interview that some companies were still faced with problems such as difficulty in examination and approval and weak technology when they were involved in coal underground gasification projects. The government urgently needed to increase support to complete the implementation rules as soon as possible to promote the development and application of underground coal gasification technology. .